Intro
Discover the storied history of the USS Hornet CV-12, a legendary aircraft carrier that played a pivotal role in World War II and the Apollo space program. From its launch in 1943 to its decommissioning in 1970, learn about its notable battles, heroic crew, and its enduring legacy as a symbol of American naval power.
The USS Hornet (CV-12) is one of the most iconic aircraft carriers in American naval history, playing a pivotal role in World War II and the Vietnam War. Commissioned in 1943, the USS Hornet served for over two decades, earning numerous accolades and breaking records along the way. In this article, we'll delve into the USS Hornet's impressive history, highlighting its key battles, notable accomplishments, and the impact it had on the course of modern warfare.
Early Years and World War II
The USS Hornet was launched on August 30, 1943, at the Newport News Shipbuilding Company in Virginia. Initially known as the USS Kearsarge, the carrier was renamed Hornet in honor of the USS Hornet (CV-8), which was lost during the Battle of Santa Cruz Islands in 1942. After completing its shakedown cruise, the USS Hornet joined the Pacific Fleet in May 1944, just in time to participate in the Battle of the Philippine Sea.
Battle of the Philippine Sea
The USS Hornet played a significant role in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, also known as the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot." On June 19-20, 1944, the USS Hornet and other American carriers launched a series of airstrikes against Japanese naval forces, resulting in the sinking of three Japanese carriers and over 600 Japanese aircraft destroyed. This decisive victory secured American control of the Marianas Islands and paved the way for the invasion of Guam and Saipan.
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
In 1945, the USS Hornet participated in the invasion of Iwo Jima, providing air support for the Marines during the brutal 36-day battle. Later, the carrier joined the invasion force for Okinawa, where it contributed to the Allied victory. The USS Hornet's aircraft flew over 13,000 sorties during the Okinawa campaign, providing crucial air support for the ground troops.
Post-War and Korean War
After World War II, the USS Hornet underwent extensive modernization and was reclassified as an attack aircraft carrier (CVA-12). During the Korean War, the USS Hornet served as a flagship for Carrier Division 1, conducting numerous airstrikes against North Korean targets.
Vietnam War
In the early 1960s, the USS Hornet was deployed to Southeast Asia, where it played a significant role in the Vietnam War. The carrier's aircraft flew thousands of sorties against North Vietnamese targets, including the infamous Operation Rolling Thunder. On February 14, 1966, the USS Hornet launched an airstrike against the Haiphong Harbor, which marked the first time American aircraft had attacked a major North Vietnamese port.
Astronaut Recovery and Later Years
In 1969, the USS Hornet was tasked with recovering the Apollo 11 astronauts, Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, after their historic moon landing. The USS Hornet successfully retrieved the astronauts and their spacecraft, marking a triumphant conclusion to the Apollo 11 mission.
The USS Hornet continued to serve until its decommissioning on June 26, 1970. The carrier was eventually converted into a museum and memorial, which is now berthed in Alameda, California.
Notable Accomplishments and Awards
Throughout its illustrious career, the USS Hornet earned numerous awards and accolades, including:
- 9 Battle Efficiency Awards
- 6 Korean War Service Stars
- 13 Vietnam War Service Stars
- Presidential Unit Citation
- Navy Unit Commendation
- American Campaign Medal
- World War II Victory Medal
- National Defense Service Medal
Legacy
The USS Hornet's legacy extends far beyond its impressive list of accolades. The carrier's contributions to American naval history are immeasurable, and its impact on modern warfare is still felt today. As a museum and memorial, the USS Hornet continues to inspire future generations, serving as a poignant reminder of the sacrifices and achievements of the brave men and women who served on this legendary aircraft carrier.
Gallery of USS Hornet CV-12
USS Hornet CV-12 Image Gallery
FAQs
What was the USS Hornet's primary role during World War II?
+The USS Hornet's primary role during World War II was as a fleet carrier, providing air support for Allied forces in the Pacific Theater.
How many Battle Efficiency Awards did the USS Hornet earn during its career?
+The USS Hornet earned 9 Battle Efficiency Awards throughout its career.
What was the USS Hornet's role in the recovery of the Apollo 11 astronauts?
+The USS Hornet was tasked with recovering the Apollo 11 astronauts, Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, after their historic moon landing in 1969.
The USS Hornet CV-12 is an iconic aircraft carrier that left an indelible mark on American naval history. Its contributions to World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War are a testament to the bravery and dedication of the men and women who served on this legendary vessel. As a museum and memorial, the USS Hornet continues to inspire future generations, serving as a poignant reminder of the sacrifices and achievements of those who served on this historic aircraft carrier.